“What is the main barrier in learning ESL?"
Are you lumping ESL with EFL? Anyway, I don't have a main barrier, but here are few that come to mind which are in no particular order: 1) using English in real-life situations, 2) learners interacting with native speakers, 3) giving learners more choice in the content they are to uncover, the process in which they will interact, and the products they are to create, 4) promoting diversity in ideas, beliefs, and perspectives, 5) promoting learner and teacher autonomy, 6) lacking of and the utilization of open educational resources (OERs), and 7) assuming learning a language is a linear process that can be achieved through the “prepackaging" of content. Notice how technology can aid in breaking down all these barriers!
“Do you think that cross-translation – the subconscious translation from/into native language - is the main barrier?"
No, I don't think cross-linguistic influence is the main barrier, but it really depends on the teaching/learning context. I do think it is a barrier though.
“We can't learn English in depth with the same habits and methods we use for math, science, or history. Why?"
Well, I disagree with the premise. I think all subjects can be learned with ample input, opportunities to create authentic output (or as authentic as possible), and opportunities to interact with input, output, along with human beings (both within and outside the classroom). This is all done through a supportive and formative learning environment. I think this applies to learning English, math, science, and history.
“Learning to speak and understand English using obsolete rules based on grammar and memorization of words and information about English is inefficient and revolting to Digital Learners and should be changed. Why?"
You bring up three main points here:
1) I´m not sure I'd refer to grammar rules as being “obsolete" or the rule that one must teach grammar as being "obsolete" either. When I began learning Spanish, I also began learning the differences between Spanish and English grammar: yes, I was taught Spanish grammar both overtly and covertly. This came in handy later on as an EFL teacher because I could anticipate some of the cross-linguistic problems that Spanish speakers have when learning English. It never occurred to me to not answer a grammar question if a student asked me simply because I thought they could learn better if I taught grammar only in a covert way.
2) The role of memorization in language learning (or any learning for that matter): Most literature supports the notion that memorization is one of several cognitive structures that learners use to gain knowledge, understanding, and skill sets. Also, I feel that language learning involves both cognitive and social interaction. So instead of positioning discrete dichotomies at opposite ends: covert or overt grammar, implicit or explicit learning, incidental or intentional learning, etc., it's more productive to consider them as falling along a continuum.
3) “Digital natives" versus “digital immigrants": They're in quotation marks because again I think this is another dichotomy that is really difficult to define in a productive way. Yes, Generation Y perhaps grew up with technology more than the prior generation (depending on the culture), but it's been my experience that they don't necessarily know how to use technology to best promote their own learning. By the same token, I have also met many Generation Xers who know quite a bit about technology.
I would like to frame your questions the following way:
1) What are some common barriers for English language learners that you experience in your ESL/EFL classroom? Are there differences in these barriers between ESL and EFL? If so, how do they differ?
2) What role does cross-linguistic influence have for English language learners within your own teaching context?
3) How can English be learned in breadth and depth?
4) How do you approach grammar in your classes?
5) What role, if any, does “drill and practice" have in your classes?
6) Based on your experience, what role does technology have in language learning?
My goal in adapting your questions is to find the optimal solutions which will empower both the ESL learners and teachers at a connective level and not at a collective level. In other words, I don't hope to achieve a consensus as to what these optimal solutions are as a group, but rather that each teacher gathers information from other educators in determining what is optimal for them at that particular time, realizing that it is certain to change over time.
Hopefully this post will not require a translation, but if it does, please feel free to do so (I know George and perhaps others are fast asleep by now.). Also, I enjoy sharing differences in opinion, so don't hold back (smile).